Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 154-160, August 2008

Embryology, sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy

  • Scott A. Engum, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Scott A. Engum, MD, Division of Pediatric Surgery, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, 702 Barnhill Drive, Suite 2500, Indianapolis, IN 46202.

Division of Pediatric Surgery, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy continue to be very rare congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Unfortunately, these conditions present as neonatal emergencies and demand early surgical intervention. This article reviews the embryological development of the chest wall, specific sternal defect anomalies, along with available methods of treatment.

Keywords: Sternal defects, Sternal embryology, Prenatal diagnosis, Sternal cleft, Ectopia cordis, Pentalogy of Cantrell, Pectus excavatum

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PII: S1055-8586(08)00013-9

doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2008.03.004

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 154-160, August 2008

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