Embryology, sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy
Sternal clefts, ectopia cordis, and Cantrell's pentalogy continue to be very rare congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Unfortunately, these conditions present as neonatal emergencies and demand early surgical intervention. This article reviews the embryological development of the chest wall, specific sternal defect anomalies, along with available methods of treatment.
Division of Pediatric Surgery, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Address reprint requests and correspondence: Scott A. Engum, MD, Division of Pediatric Surgery, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, 702 Barnhill Drive, Suite 2500, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
ABSTRACT