Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 107-115 , May 2006

The EXIT procedure: principles, pitfalls, and progress

  • Ahmad Marwan, MD
    • ,
  • Timothy M. Crombleholme, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Timothy M. Crombleholme, MD, The Fetal Care Center of Cincinnati, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 2023, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.

References 

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  2. Skarsgard ED , Chitkara U , Krane EJ , et al.   The OOPS procedure (operation on placental support) (in utero airway management of the fetus with prenatally diagnosed tracheal obstruction) . J Pediatr Surg . 1996;31:826–828
  3. Catalano PJ , Urken ML , Alvarez M , et al.   New approach to the management of airway obstruction in “high risk” neonates . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;118:306–309
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  9. Bouchard S , Johnson MP , Flake AW , et al.   The EXIT procedure (experience and outcome in 31 cases) . J Pediatr Surg . 2002;37:418–426
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  15. Langer JC , Fitzgerald PG , Desa D , et al.   Cervical cystic hygroma in the fetus (Clinical spectrum and outcome) . J Pediatr Surg . 1990;25:58–62
  16. Holinger LD , Birnholz JC . Management of infants with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of airway obstruction by teratoma . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1987;96:61–64
  17. Gundry SR , Wesley JR , Klein MD , et al.   Cervical teratomas in the newborn . J Pediatr Surg . 1983;18:382–386
  18. Hubbard AM , Crombleholme TM , Adzick NS . Prenatal MRI evaluation of giant neck masses in preparation for the fetal EXIT procedure . Am J Perinatol . 1998;15:253–257
  19. Baker PN , Johnson IR , Harvey PR , et al.   A three-year follow up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1993;170:32–33
  20. Hedrick MH , Ferro MM , Filly RA , et al.   Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) (a potential for prenatal intervention) . J Pediatr Surg . 1992;29:271–274
  21. Crombleholme TM , Albanese CT . The fetus with airway obstruction . In:  Harrison MR ,  Evans MI ,  Adzick NS , et al. editor. The Unborn Patient (The Art and Science of Fetal Therapy) . 3rd edition.. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 357–371
  22. Lim FY , Crombleholme TM , Hedrick HL , et al.   Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (natural history and management) . J Pediatr Surg . 2003;38:940–945
  23. Crombleholme TM , Sylvester K , Flake AW , et al.   Salvage of a fetus with congenital high airway obstruction syndrome by ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure . Fetal Diagn Ther . 2000;15:280–282
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PII: S1055-8586(06)00020-5

doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.008

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 107-115 , May 2006

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